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Upper-Body Neuromuscular Conditioning Enhances Repeated Sprint Performance in Elite Amputee Soccer: A Controlled 12-Week Intervention Study

Sport Mont | 2026

Paper Details

Authors: Ennajmi O.; El Mouahid K.; El Qryefy M.; Khairi S.; Rfaki A.

DOI: 10.26773/smj.260610

Journal: Sport Mont

Year: 2026

Publisher: Montenegrin Sports Academy

Document Type: Article

Open Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access

Cited by: 0

Abstract

Repeated sprint ability (RSA) is a key physical determinant of performance in intermittent sports such as football, reflecting the capacity to perform repeated high-intensity efforts with limited recovery. In amputee soccer, locomotion is characterized by unilateral lower-limb propulsion combined with crutch-assisted upper-body movement, which imposes specific neuromuscular and metabolic demands. Despite the growing popularity of amputee football, limited research has examined targeted conditioning strategies aimed at improving RSA in this population. This study investigated the effects of a 12-week upper-body neuromuscular conditioning program on RSA performance in elite amputee soccer players. Eighteen male players from the Moroccan national team were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=9) and a control group (n=9). Both groups continued their regular training, while the experimental group performed additional upper-body strength sessions. RSA performance was assessed before and after the intervention using a standardized repeated sprint protocol. Variables included best sprint time (BT), mean sprint time (MT), total sprint time (TT), and fatigue index (FI). Post-intervention results revealed significant improvements in the experimental group compared with the control group for BT (p=0.010; d=1.37), MT (p=0.013; d=1.33), and TT (p=0.012; d=1.33). No significant changes were observed for FI (p=0.420). Change score analysis further confirmed greater improvements in the experimental group, particularly for BT. These findings suggest that the addition of targeted upper-body neuromuscular conditioning to regular training may improve RSA performance in amputee soccer players, highlighting the relevance of sport-specific strength training adapted to the unique biomechanical demands of this population. © 2026, Montenegrin Sports Academy. All rights reserved.

Keywords

adaptive sports; amputee soccer; neuromuscular training; repeated sprint ability; sprint performance; upper-body strength