Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain | 2026
Authors: Kazemi F.N.; Asl-Najafi J.; Yaghoubi S.
DOI: 10.1016/j.clscn.2026.100335
Journal: Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain
Year: 2026
Publisher: Elsevier Ltd
Document Type: Article
Open Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
Cited by: 0
Advancing sustainable supply chains within a multi-objective framework has been the focus of considerable recent research. However, the issue of supply chain coordination remains largely unexplored in this context. This paper develops a multi-objective bi-level closed-loop supply chain coordination model that incorporates transportation mode selection, categorizing vehicles into economic and green modes. The proposed model is analyzed under four scenarios: centralized, decentralized, economic collaboration, and sustainable collaboration. In alignment with government environmental legislation, the final setting is developed based on the cap-and-trade policy framework. Additionally, a fuzzy membership-based aggregation approach is employed to address multiple objective functions. To evaluate the model’s effectiveness, several test problems are conducted to numerically assess the performance of different scenarios and their alignment with sustainability goals. The results indicate that, beyond providing a Pareto improvement for both channel members, the economic collaboration plan can yield the optimal solution for the integrated system. Moreover, the sustainable collaborative strategy effectively minimizes environmental and social impacts while enhancing supply chain profitability. © 2026 The Author(s).
Cap-and-trade policy; Closed-loop supply chain; Sustainable collaboration; Transportation mode selection