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Enhancing Workability and Work Inclusion Through Hybrid Work – A Qualitative Study of Norwegian Employees

Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology | 2026

Paper Details

Authors: Aksnes S.Y.; Egeland C.; Nordberg T.H.; Skarpaas L.S.; Nilsen W.

DOI: 10.16993/sjwop.361

Journal: Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology

Year: 2026

Publisher: Stockholm University Press

Document Type: Article

Open Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access

Cited by: 0

Abstract

Early retirement due to work disability and health-related absences is a growing concern in most countries today. Using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical point of departure, this article investigates how hybrid work impacts employees’ workability. Data comprises interviews with 59 hybrid workers from the Norlife Remote Work – Qualitative Study (NorRemo-QS), in five Norwegian organizations where working arrangements underwent significant changes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings show that working from home can enhance employees’ work-life balance, well-being, motivation and job satisfaction by providing new resources. Hybrid work lowers the threshold to work despite health or life phase challenges. Simultaneously, the boundaries between health and illness are blurred; the flexibility in hybrid work has raised the ability but also the expectations of employees to be available for work – even when they are ill. The findings underscore the potential for hybrid work to enhance workability, while noting emerging challenges for policymakers, unions, employers, human resource management and future research. © 2026 The Author(s).

Keywords

hybrid workers; presenteeism; sickness absence; work inclusion; workability