Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning | 2026
Authors: Looi C.-K.; Yang Y.; Velander J.; Milrad M.; Sun D.
DOI: 10.58459/rptel.2026.21041
Journal: Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning
Year: 2026
Publisher: Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education
Document Type: Article
Open Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
Cited by: 0
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has underscored the urgent need to equip educators with essential AI literacy and related competencies. This paper highlights the critical importance of advancing research on the development of teachers' AI literacy, particularly through targeted professional development (PD) programs. The study piloted a PD program involving 19 mid-career teachers in Singapore. Over six sessions, each lasting three hours, participants engaged in an intensive program designed to enhance their ability to integrate AI into educational practices. The program placed a strong emphasis on ethical considerations and the responsible use of AI. Mixed methods were employed. Data collection included pre- and post- intelligent Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) surveys, teachers’ perceptions on AI, in-class group discussions, and written assignments. Data analyses included content analysis and quantitative data analysis. The results showed a significant enhancement in i-TPACK, accompanied by a noteworthy shift in their overall perceptions of AI. The teachers not only acquired a good understanding of ethical frameworks but also demonstrated adept application in envisioning innovative AI in teaching, schools, and assessment. Importantly, they formulated tailored action plans for implementing AI in their respective schools. The study employed a novel analytical matrix based on the Aristotelian tripartite division of knowledge—episteme, techne, and phronesis—to compare action plans between teachers with different perceived i-TPACK levels, focusing on AI’s application in teaching, schools and assessment. This study contributes valuable insights into teacher PD concerning AI in education and informs the implementation of AI in teaching practices. © The Author(s). 2026.
AI ethics consideration; AI in Education; Intelligent TPACK; Teacher AI literacy; Teacher Perceptions; Teacher Professional Development