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Psychosocial and institutional factors as determinants of entrepreneurs’ subjective well-being: Empirical evidence from a multilevel analysis

Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management | 2026

Paper Details

Authors: Tërstena A.; Idrizi L.; Deda G.; Mehmeti I.

DOI: 10.4102/sajesbm.v18i1.1407

Journal: Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management

Year: 2026

Publisher: AOSIS (pty) Ltd

Document Type: Article

Open Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access

Cited by: 0

Abstract

Background: Entrepreneurial activity is widely recognised as a key driver of economic growth, innovation and employment; however, comparatively less scholarly attention has been devoted to the subjective well-being (SWB) of entrepreneurs. Existing studies tend to focus either on individual-level determinants or on broader institutional conditions, rarely integrating both perspectives within a single analytical framework. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine how psychosocial and institutional factors jointly shape entrepreneurs’ SWB, measured through life satisfaction. Setting: The study adopts a cross-national perspective, analysing self-employed individuals operating in diverse institutional environments across multiple countries. Methods: Drawing on well-being economics, self-determination theory and institutional theory, the study employs a multilevel empirical approach that accounts for the hierarchical structure of individuals nested within countries. Cross-national survey data on self-employed individuals are combined with country-level indicators of institutional quality and analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression models. Results: The findings indicate that psychosocial factors, including job satisfaction, perceived financial situation, optimism, social trust and self-assessed health, are strong and consistent predictors of entrepreneurs’ life satisfaction. In addition, institutional conditions such as political stability, business freedom, regulatory efficiency and control of corruption exert a significant contextual influence on entrepreneurial well-being. Conclusion: Entrepreneurs’ SWB is shaped by the interaction of individual psychosocial resources and the broader institutional environment. Supportive governance and regulatory frameworks enhance life satisfaction beyond individual-level characteristics alone. Contribution: By integrating micro- and macro-level determinants within a unified multilevel framework, this study advances the entrepreneurship and well-being literature and offers policy-relevant insights for fostering sustainable and supportive entrepreneurial ecosystems. © 2026. The Authors.

Keywords

entrepreneurship; institutional quality; life satisfaction; multilevel analysis; psychosocial factors; subjective well-being