TEM Journal | 2026
Authors: Gonos J.; Čulková K.; Tomková A.; Lišuch J.
DOI: 10.18421/TEM151-35
Journal: TEM Journal
Year: 2026
Publisher: UIKTEN - Association for Information Communication Technology Education and Science
Document Type: Article
Open Access: All Open Access; Gold Open Access
Cited by: 0
This paper analyzes the development of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in selected European Union countries, specifically the Visegrad Group (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), over the period 2008-2023. The study examines economic performance using GDP indicators calculated by the production approach, while also considering methodological variants and limitations of GDP measurement. In addition, the development of the Index of Economic Freedom is analyzed to provide a broader perspective on economic potential and institutional conditions. The results indicate a longterm increase in real GDP per capita in all analyzed countries, although significant differences in growth dynamics and economic performance among individual countries persist. The findings contribute to a better understanding of economic development trends in the V4 region and provide relevant insights for economic policy formulation and future comparative analyses. Innovation of the Course Entrepreneurship in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Context of Sustainability and Circularity. © 2026 Jaroslav Gonos et al.; published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License.
GDP calculation methods; Gross domestic product; gross national; Variants of GDP; Visegrad group V4